HEART

Heart (Latin, cor) is a cavity, the cavity of the muscular organ pump blood through the blood vessels by repeated rhythmic contraction. The term cardiac means related to the heart, from the word Greece cardia for the heart. The heart is one of the organs of the human role in the circulatory system.

The Surface of the Heart

The human heart is more or less the size of fists. The heart is a muscle that consists of a single layer of endothelium. The heart is located in the torakik cavity, behind the sternum. The structure of the heart to turn down and slightly to the left. The heart is almost completely enveloped by the lungs, but covered by a double membrane called the pericardium, which is tacked on the diaphragm. The first layer is very closely attached to the heart, while the outer layers are more loose and watery, so as to avoid friction between the organs in the body that occurs due to the constant movement of the pumping of the heart. The heart is kept in place by vessels-blood vessels covering the area of the heart that evenly/flat, as in the base and on the side. Two lines pembelah (formed from the muscle) on the outer layer of the heart wall shows where the separator between the Foyer & amp; the Chamber of the heart.

The Internal Structure of the Heart

Internally, the heart muscle layers are separated by a dividing into two parts, from top to bottom, into two pumps. Both of these pumps since birth has never connected. This hemisphere consists of two cavities separated by the wall of the heart. Then it can be inferred that the heart consists of four cavities, the porch right & amp; the left and right side of booth & amp; left. The walls of the porch are much thinner than the walls of the Chamber because the booth must fight against the gravitational force of the Earth to pump from the bottom up and require greater force to supply large blood circulation, especially vessels aorta, to pump to all parts of the body that has the blood vessels. Each porch and a booth at each of the hemispheres are connected by a heart valve. The valve between the right and the right of the porch room called trikuspidalis valve or valve three-leaved. While the valve is between the left and the left of the porch room called the valve or the valve bikuspidalis mitralis (two-leaf valve).

In the Manner of Work of the Heart

At the time of each heart pulsating space slack off and filled in the blood (called diastol). Then the heart is contracting and pumping blood out of the heart space (called sistol). Second porch loosens and contracts simultaneously, and both Chambers also loosens and contracts simultaneously. The blood ran out of oxygen and contain a lot of carbon dioxide (dirty blood) from the rest of the body flows through the two great vein (vena cava) headed into the right atrium. After right atrial blood filled, it will push blood into the right ventricle through the valve trikuspidalis. Blood from the right ventricle to be pumped through the pulmoner valve to the inside of the arteries pulmonalis leads to the lungs. Blood will flow through a very small vessels (capillaries) that surround the pockets of air in the lungs, absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen, then piped back into the heart.

The oxygen-rich blood flow within the vein pulmonalis leads to left atrial. Circulation of the right heart, lung and circulation called left atrial blood flowed into the pulmoner because the lungs. Blood in the left atrium to the left ventricle will be encouraged through the mitral valve bikuspidalis valve/, which will pump clean blood is passed through the aortic valve into the aorta (the largest artery in the body). The oxygen-rich blood is circulated throughout the body, except the lungs. and so on.

The Health of the Heart

The heart is one of the most important organs of the body, the heart may be at risk of abnormality in death. Problems in the heart the heart organ failure due to shared is often almost into two parts, viz. heart disease and heart attacks.

Heart Disease

Heart disease is a condition that causes the heart can not do their job properly. These things, among others:

a). Heart muscle is weak. This is a congenital disorder since birth. A weak heart muscle makes sufferers unable to do excessive activity, because the imposition of excessive cardiac performance will cause pain in the chest, and sometimes can cause the body to appear bluish. People with a weak heart muscle is easily collapsed.

b). The existence of a gap between the right and left of the porch, is therefore not completing the formation of a layer that separates between the porch when the patient still inside the content. This causes the blood clean and dirty blood mixed. This disease also makes sufferers unable to perform activities that are heavy, due to heavy activity almost certainly will make the sufferer's body becomes blue and shortness of breath, even though it does not cause pain in the chest. There is also a variation of the disease, the sufferer actually has only one fruit of the porch.

Heart Attack

A heart attack is a condition that causes the heart at all does not work. This condition usually happens spur of the moment, and is often called heart failure. Causes of heart failure are varied, but the main cause is usually terhambatnya blood supply to the heart muscles, veins-veins which normally drain blood to the heart muscles are clogged or hardened, either due to the fat and cholesterol, or due to chemical substances such as excessive use of drugs containing Phenols Propano Alanin (ppa) which many found in medicines such as Decolgen, and nicotine. 

Lately also sudden cardiac arrest is often found when someone is engaging in activities, like attacking some of the top athletes in the world's most famous football club in the middle of the field of football [1]. Usually it is caused by the heart activity exceeds the impositions thresholds, or the lack of warming up before doing sports. Food is also a major cause of heart attacks, especially fast food (junk food). The penelti of McMaster University in Canada, found the results that people who consume a lot of fried foods, salt, and the meat so you have the risk of a heart attack more than 35 percent larger compared to people who consume little or no consumption[2].

Countermeasures

There is no better countermeasures to prevent disease and heart attacks, in addition to a healthy lifestyle (such as wake up more often in the morning, don't often sleep too late at night, and avoid cigarettes and alcoholic beverages), patterns of healthy food (eating fibrous food and multiply bersayur, as well as not too many eating fatty foods and high-berkolesterol), and a regular sport and don't overdo it. However, there are some substances that are believed to be able to zoom out or zoom in on the risk of disease and heart attacks, among others:

- Some researchers suggest that allicin in garlic turns can help maintain heart health. The study showed that the efficacy by allicin, the tension of the blood vessels is reduced 75% [3]. However, some other researchers have also stated that there is no relationship between the garlic with heart health. In a study conducted on smokers-body fat, 90 researchers found that additional European garlic powder for 3 months not show changes in their cholesterol levels or some other sign of heart disease risk [4].

- Studies prove that reducing smoking did not reduce the risk of heart disease. To really reduce the risk of heart disease, someone should really quit smoking [5].

- The discovery published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology reveals the consumption of supplements of Vitamin C can reduce the risk of heart disease [6].

- Research indicates, subtract salt consumption can reduce the risk of heart disease. The consumption of salt can increase blood pressure. On the experiment of low salt diet reveals the risk of heart disease by 25% and the risk of heart attack by up to 20%. 

- Consumption of food-food that can keep your heart health such as Salmon, tomatoes, olive oil, wheat, almonds, and apples, habatussauda and other herbal remedies.

Notes and References

^ a list of sudden death in the football pitch , pikiran-rakyat.com , taken 2007-08-11

 ^ heart healthy , avoid junk food

 ^ key a secret efficacy of garlic , bbc.com taken 2007-11-08 . 

^ garlic no impact on heart disease taken 2007-11-08 .

^ how to reduce the risk of heart disease , taken 2007-11-08 .

 ^ vitamin c reduce the risk of heart disease in women , indonesian heart foundation , taken 2007-11-08 .

Source : www.wikipedia.com